Encryption

Encryption is defined as “[t]he process of systematically turning messages (information) into gibberish, as a security measure.” It “basically involves running a readable message known as ‘plaintext’ through a computer program that translates the message according to an equation or algorithm into unreadable ‘ciphertext.’ Decryption is the translation back to plaintext when the message is received by someone with an appropriate ‘key.’”

The widespread use of sophisticated encryption technology concerns government since "[t]he interception and deciphering of foreign communications has long played an important part in our nation’s national security efforts. In the words of a highranking State Department official:


 * 'Policies concerning the export control of cryptographic products are based on the fact that the proliferation of such products will make it easier for foreign intelligence targets to deny the United States Government access to information vital to national security interests. Cryptographic products and software have military and intelligence applications. As demonstrated throughout history, encryption has been used to conceal foreign military communications, on the battlefield, aboard ships and submarines, or in other military settings. Encryption is also used to conceal other foreign communications that have foreign policy and national security significance for the United States. For example, encryption can be used to conceal communications of terrorists, drug smugglers, or others intent on taking hostile action against U.S. facilities, personnel, or security interests.'