The Cost of Malicious Cyber Activity to the U.S. Economy

Citation
Council of Economic Advisers, The Cost of Malicious Cyber Activity to the U.S. Economy (Feb. 2018) (full-text)

Overview
The U.S. economy loses between $57 billion and $109 billion per year to malicious cyber activity (i.e., between 0.3% and 0.6% of the value of all the country's goods and services). The total loss figure is based primarily on analyzing the effects of data breaches and other cyber incidents on companies' stock prices. As a result, the data skews toward larger companies.