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== Definitions == === General === '''Classification''' is the * "act or process by which [[information]] is determined to be [[classified information]]."<ref>[[Executive Order 13526]], at Β§6.1(f).</ref> * "action of assigning a category to something."<ref>[[DHS Lexicon Terms and Definitions]], at 90.</ref> === Internet content === '''Classification''' is {{Quote|the general process of categorising [[content]] into classes according to its suitability for certain age groups.<ref>[[Background Report on Cross Media Rating and Classification and Age Verification Solutions]], at 4.</ref>}} === Security === '''Classification''' is {{Quote|[t]he determination that official [[information]] requires, in the interest of [[national security]], a specific degree of protection against [[unauthorized]] [[disclosure]], coupled with a designation signifying that such a determination has been made; the designation is normally termed a [[security classification]] and includes [[Confidential]], [[Secret]], and [[Top Secret]].<ref>[https://www.iad.gov/ioss/department/opsec-glossary-of-terms-10026.cfm OPSEC Glossary of Terms.]</ref>}} === University research === Generally, '''classification''' is to be used when it is necessary to control scientific [[information]]. The advent of classified extramural research led most universities to clarify their positions on acceptance of funding for [[classified research]]. Some universities elect to not perform [[classified research]] on campus, espousing that this is contrary to the founding beliefs of the university or their university charters. Universities that perform [[classified research]] typically establish research facilities specifically to handle [[classified]] materials and [[classified research|research]]. These research facilities are often located off-campus. Some universities have developed mechanisms by which [[classified research]] may be approved on a case-by-case basis. === U.S. federal government === '''Classification''' is {{Quote|[t]he act or process by which [[information]] or matter is determined to require protection in the interest of [[national security]] under either 42 U.S.C. 2162 (Section 142, as amended, of the Atomic Energy Act) or [[Executive Order 12958]], as amended.<ref>[[DOE Manual 470.4-7]], at 12.</ref>}} {{Quote|[t]he determination that certain [[information]] requires protection against [[unauthorized disclosure]] in the interest of [[national security]], coupled with the designation of the [[level of classification]]: [[Top Secret]] ([[TS]]), [[Secret]], or [[Confidential]].<ref>12 FAM 090 ([https://fam.state.gov/FAM/12FAM/12FAM0090.html full-text]).</ref>}} {{Quote|[t]he determination that official [[information]] requires, in the interests of [[national security]], a specific degree of protection against [[unauthorized disclosure]], coupled with a designation signifying that such a determination has been made.<ref>[[Department of Defense Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms]], at 34.</ref>}} == Overview == The [[Intelligence Community]], in accordance with [[Executive Order 13526]], classifies [[information]] (that is not [[Unclassified]]) as [[Confidential]], [[Secret]], or [[Top Secret]]. Classification may be applied only to [[information]] that is owned by, produced by or for, or is under the control of the U.S. Government. Section 1.4 of [[Executive Order 13526]] discusses classification techniques. At the time that material is [[classified]], the original classification authority must establish a specific date or event for [[declassification]]. When that date is reached or when the event occurs, the [[information]] is [[automatic]]ally [[declassified]]. Unless an earlier date or event can be specified, [[declassification]] must be marked for 10 years from the date of classification, or up to 25 years from the date of classification, depending on the circumstances. Upon review, the original classification may be extended for up to 25 additional years, the classification may be changed, or specific portions of the [[classified information]] may be [[reclassified]]. No [[information]] may remain classified indefinitely. "Classification is used to ensure consistent management and reporting. [[Configuration item]]s, [[incident]]s, problems, changes etc. are usually classified."<ref>[[DHS Lexicon Terms and Definitions]], at 90-91.</ref> [[Information]] may not be [[classified]] or be maintained as [[classified information]] in order to: * Conceal violations of law, inefficiency, or administrative error; * Prevent embarrassment to a person, organization, or [[agency]]; * Restrain [[competition]]; or * Prevent or delay the release of [[information]] that does not require protection in the interest of the [[national security]]. Basic scientific research [[information]] not clearly related to the [[national security]] may not be [[classified]]. == References == <references /> == Sources == * "Overview" section: [[U.S. National Intelligence: An Overview 2011]], at 61-62. * "University research" section: [[Balancing Scientific Publication and National Security Concerns: Issues for Congress]], at 9-10. == See also == <div style="{{column-count|3}}"> * [[Access level]] * [[Access to classified information]] * [[Accountability and Control of Classified Laptop Computers]] * [[Classified contract]] * [[Classification guidance]] * [[Classification guide]] * [[Classification level]] * [[Classified information]] * [[Classified Information Procedures Act of 1980]] * [[Classified Information Sharing and Safeguarding Office]] * [[Classified material]] * [[Classified national security information]] * [[Classified National Security Information Program]] * [[Classified research]] * [[Controlled unclassified information]] * [[Criminal Prohibitions on the Publication of Classified Defense Information]] * [[Declassification]] * [[Dedicated security mode]] * [[Default classification]] * [[Derivative classification]] * [[Document Security: Justice Can Improve Its Controls Over Classified and Sensitive Documents]] * [[Information classification]] * [[National Instruction on Classified Information Spillage]] * [[National Policy on Classified Information Spillage]] * [[Original classification]] * [[Original classification authority]] * [[Protecting Classified Information and the Rights of Criminal Defendants: The Classified Information Procedures Act]] * [[Protection of Classified Information by Congress: Practices and Proposals]] * [[Report of the Commission on Protecting and Reducing Government Secrecy]] * [[Security clearance]] * [[Unclassified]] [[Category:Data]] [[Category:Security]] [[Category:Definition]]
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