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International Telecommunication Union
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== Overview == Founded in 1865, the '''[http://www.itu.int International Telecommunication Union]''' ('''ITU''') has been an integral part of the [[United Nations]] since its inception in 1947. "The ITU has the widest [[decisionmaking]] scope among international [[ICT]] organizations, in terms both of issues addressed and types of decisions made. The ITU [[treaties]] provide an international legal framework for cooperation between governments, the [[private sector]], and other actors. They also lay down the legal and [[regulatory]] principles that govern the international exchange of [[telecom]] services, as well as the [[allocation]] and use of [[radio frequencies]] and [[satellite]] orbital positions. Within this framework, the ITU's main responsibilities include coordination and registry of [[frequency]] and orbital assignments and [[telecom]] numbering plans, development of technical, [[operational]], [[tariff]] and revenue-sharing [[standard]]s, the provision of [[policy]], [[regulatory]], technical and capacity-building assistance to developing countries, and fora for coordinating national approaches to global [[telecommunications policy]] and [[regulatory]] issues."<ref>[[ROADMAP: Global Policymaking for Information and Communications Technologies]], at 22.</ref> Its mission includes developing technical [[standard]]s, allocating the [[radio spectrum]], and providing technical assistance and capacity-building to developing countries. According to ITU, three sectors carry out these missions by promoting recommendations: the [[ITU-Telecommunication Standardization Sector]] ([[ITU-T]]), the [[ITU-Radiocommunication Sector]] ([[ITU-R]]), and the [[ITU-Telecommunication Development Sector]] ([[ITU-D]]). In addition, the ITU General-Secretariat provides top-level leadership to ensure that institutional strategies are harmonized across all sectors. ITU members include delegations from 191 nations, as well as more than 700 members from the private sector. The ITU has also developed technical [[standard]]s for [[security]] and, more recently, engaged in other [[cybersecurity]] activities. For example, [[ITU-T]] has established a study group for [[telecommunications security]] to focus on developing [[standard]]s and recommendations associated with [[network security|network]] and [[information security]], [[application security]], and [[identity management]]. Similarly, [[ITU-D]], through its members' efforts, prepared a report on [[cybersecurity]] [[best practices]] for countries seeking to organize national [[cybersecurity]] efforts. While this effort was underway, the ITU General-Secretariat separately issued a [[Global Cybersecurity Agenda]] ([[GCA]]) designed to promote a comprehensive and coordinated international approach to [[cybersecurity]] across all ITU sectors. The [[GCA]] has five specific focus areas: legal measures, technical and procedural measures, organizational structures, capacity-building, and international cooperation. In addition, the ITU Secretary General signed a [[memorandum of understanding]] with the [[International Multilateral Partnership Against Cyber Threats]] ([[IMPACT]]) that is to establish an operations center to coordinate [[incident response]] and to provide [[cyber threat]] [[information]] to member countries and the private sector.<ref>The relationship between the ITU and the [[International Multilateral Partnership Against Cyber Threats]] ([[IMPACT]]) is managed by [[ITU-D]].</ref>
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