Overview[]
From a historical perspective, a major technology revolution is underway. The Industrial Revolution during the 18th century spearheaded major advances in physical equipment, technologies, and systems. Then, during the second half of the 20th century, the Internet Revolution led to fundamental advances in cyber hardware, software, and systems. The most recent development, the Industrial Internet Revolution, is leading to innovative advances in cyber and physical equipment, technologies, and systems. The Industrial Internet Revolution is leading to the Internet of Things (IoT), "big data," analytics, machine-to-machine communication, and a variety of sensors to acquire data, as well as new software to analyze those data. Used together, the equipment and technologies form an infrastructure for the establishment of CPS. CPS are being deployed in many sectors of society. The names are familiar and include the Smart Grid, Smart Homes, Smart Cities, Smart Buildings, Smart Healthcare, Smart Manufacturing, Smart Warfare, Smart Transportation, and Smart Infrastructure. CPS is transforming the way people interact with engineered systems, just as the Internet transformed the way people interact with information.